The London Underground, affectionately known as “the Tube,” is one of the most iconic transport systems in the world. Opened in 1863, it carries over five million passengers every day across 272 stations and 11 lines.
A Brief History of the Underground
The Metropolitan Railway, the world’s first underground railway, opened on 10 January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon. It was steam-powered and carried 30,000 passengers on its first day — far exceeding expectations.
The 11 Lines Explained
Each line has its own colour and character. The Bakerloo line runs from Harrow & Wealdstone to Elephant & Castle, while the deep-level Jubilee line is known for its striking modern stations. The District line covers more ground than any other.
Oyster Cards, Contactless and Fares
The smartest way to pay is with a contactless bank card or an Oyster card. Both cap your daily spending — once you hit the daily cap, all further journeys that day are free. Always tap in and tap out or you’ll be charged the maximum fare.
Zone System and How It Works
London is divided into nine fare zones radiating outward from the centre. Most tourists will only need Zones 1–2. Heathrow Airport sits in Zone 6 and is reached by the Piccadilly line.
Tips for Navigating the Tube Like a Local
Stand on the right on escalators. Move down the carriage. Avoid eye contact — it’s nothing personal, it’s just London. Avoid rush hour (07:30–09:30 and 17:00–19:00) if you can. And never, ever hold the doors open.
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